** Yad Vashem: (English name: The Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority), Israel's national Holocaust memorial. The name Yad Vashem comes from a verse in the biblical book of Isaiah that refers to an everlasting memorial. Located on Jerusalem's Har HaZikaron (Remembrance Mountain) near the Mt. Herzl complex, Yad Vashem was  officially established by Israel's parliament in 1953 in accordance with the Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Law. The authority was charged  with commemorating the six million Jews who were murdered by the Nazis  and Nazi collaborators; the Jewish communities of Europe that were  destroyed; the heroism of the soldiers, underground fighters, Partisans, and prisoners of the Ghettos; and the Righteous Among the Nations. The law also made the authority responsible to establish memorial  projects; gather, research, and publish educational materials about the  Holocaust and its lessons; award honorary Israeli citizenship to the  victims; and represent Israel internationally with regards to Holocaust  commemoration.

The Hall of Names serves as a register of the names of millions of  Jews who were killed, while the Children's Memorial commemorates the one and a half million children who died during the Holocaust. The latter  consists of a dark building lit by five memorial candles that are  multiplied exponentially with the use of mirrors. These lights represent the children whose names are continually read aloud in the background.

There are also many outdoor sites at the Yad Vashem facility. The Garden of the Righteous honors those non-Jews, officially designated by Yad Vashem as "Righteous among the Nations," who risked their lives to  rescue Jews during the Holocaust. The awardees are entitled to plant  trees along the garden's Avenue of the Righteous among the Nations.